若对某商品设定了有效的价格下限，该商品的需求量便会少于其供给量，导致超额供给或盈余的情况出现。

If an effective price floor is imposed on a goods, the quantity demanded will be smaller than the quantity supplied, thus resulting in an excess supply or a surplus.

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第三节显示需求和供给理论，包括如何实现均衡价格和均衡数量，超额供给和需求对市场均衡的影响。

Section three shows demand and supply theory including how to achieve an equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity, the effects of excess supply and demand on market equilibrium.

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