...纪前半期，维特根斯坦、卡尔纳普等哲学家使用语言语形分析手段解决哲学问题，形成语义哲学；二是"语用学转向"（pragmatic turn），发生于20世纪70年代，奥斯汀、塞尔等哲学家借用语用学的成果来构筑哲学对话的新平台，形成语用哲学；三是"认知转向"（cognitiv...
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随着语言哲学界的语用学转向，传统的“字面意义”概念的根基开始动摇。
The "pragmatic turn" in the philosophy of language has shaken the foundation for the traditional concept of "literal meaning."
因此，文章站在20世纪反实在论的立场上对语用学的走向做出具体探究，从而揭示出20世纪反实在论语用学转向的重要意义。
So, this paper tries to specifically explore the trend of pragmatics in the position of anti-realism, thus to reveal the important significance of pragmatic turn of the 20th century anti-realism.
反语研究的角度从传统的修辞学和美学转向了认知心理学和语用学的探究。
The traditional study of verbal irony from rhetorical and aesthetical approaches has been shifted to current cognitive and pragmatic investigation.
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