一些观察员宣称存在一个利益冲突，证券发行者贿赂了估价的机构人员。
Some observers say there is a conflict of interest, as the issuers of securities pay the agencies to rate them.
这种证券是优先债务形式的一种，发行者需要用自己的现金流来偿还，并且要有一定隔离的资产池作为保障，比如说抵押贷款，以免发生不能履行责任的情况。
The instrument is a form of senior debt that is paid back from the issuer's cash flows but is also secured against a ring-fenced pool of assets, such as mortgage loans, in the event of default.
ETN是证券债券，由指数制定者或银行发行，可以在市场上进行交易。ETV和它类似，但发行者是特殊目的机构。
An ETN is a debt security issued by an index provider or a bank and traded on the market; an ETV is similar, but the debt issuer is a special-purpose vehicle.
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