“观察渗透理论”,是美国科学哲学家汉森提出的著名命题。这个命题指出了我们的任何观察都不是纯粹客观的,具有不同知识背景的观察者观察同一事物,会得出不同的观察结果。“观察渗透理论”摧毁了逻辑实证主义所追求的科学合理性。
理论负荷说(又作观察渗透理论) (Hansen’s idea of) theoretical load; observation-osmosis theory (in his discovery model)
“观察渗透理论”这个经典命题是存在问题的,它否认了观察的客观性的存在。
"The theory-loaded theory", the classical proposition exists some questions, because it has denied the objectivity of observation.
分析表明,实验与测量、观察语言的主体间性能够在不同程度上支持观察的客观性,但是,它们又不可避免是为理论或理论信念所渗透的。
It is shown that experiment, measurement and inter-subjectivity of observation language can make contributions to objectivity of observation, while they are inevitably theory-laden.
结论渗透压的改变引起红细胞形态和细微结构的变化,第一次用原子力显微镜观察到的这种变化与理论一致。
Conclusion the changes of osmotic pressures result in the changes of shapes and fine structures of erythrocytes, which is observed by AFM for the first time and accord with the theory.
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