土遗址的保护是一个世界性的难题，其本身的病害主要表现为遗址表层土的分化剥落、土体开裂和坑壁坍塌等。

Preservation of historical earthen ruins against damage is one of the difficult problems. The main geological issues of such earthen ruins are weathering, cracking and falling of the surface soil.

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研究结果表明，目前出现的冷镦开裂是由盘条表层组织异常所致。

The results showed that the cold heading cracking was due to abnormal surface microstructures of steel. The abnormal surface microstructures have three kinds of behavior.

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试样表面的氧化腐蚀及氧化皮剥落均比次表层严重，表面的开裂也加速了次表层裂纹的形核和扩展。

Peeling of oxidation film and oxidation-decarbonization are more serious on the surface than on the sub-surface.

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