研究人员通过观测被称为泥炭丘的小丘来测量永冻带边界北退的程度，泥炭丘是在北部泥炭沼泽含冰的土壤上自然形成的。
The researchers measured the retreat of the permafrost border byobserving hummocks known as "palsas, " which form naturally over icecontained in the soil of northern peat bogs.
对沿竖直加热平板自然对流的温度边界层进行了定量地测量。
The temperature boundary layer of a natural convection along a vertical heated plate is measured quantitatively.
应用推荐