生态学家使用“演替”一词来指植物群落和生态系统随时间发生的变化。

Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time.

youdao

在本文中，对关键种的概念进行了讨论，并介绍了关键种的典型特征及其在群落和生态系统中的判别。

This paper discussed the keystone species concept and introduced the typical characteristics of keystone species and their identification in communities or ecosystems.

youdao

在很大程度上，格里森反对顶级群落和生物群系的论点用来反驳生态系统同样很有效。

Gleason's arguments against climax and biome are largely valid against ecosystems as well.

youdao