对某车型发动机排气歧管的热疲劳断裂问题进行综合失效分析，并从材料、结构方面提出改进意见。
This paper gives a comprehensive failure analysis on the thermal fatigue crack of engine exhaust manifold and makes an improvement for materials and structures.
尺寸效应是脆性和准脆性材料的一种基本特性，其在结构断裂破坏中表现得尤为明显。
The size effect is the basic characteristic of the brittle material and the quasi-brittle material, which performs significantly during the fracture failure of the structure.
结构钢材的韧性随温度降低而下降，其破坏形态也由塑性屈服向脆性断裂转变，构件的承载力也由强度控制变为材料的韧性控制。
The toughness of steel decreases as temperature drops, its breakage transfers from plasticity to brittleness and the loading capacity is controlled by the toughness, not the strength.
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