几何和量子场论课程是用泛函积分的语言对微扰量子场论的严谨的介绍，主要针对数学家设计。
Geometry and quantum field theory, designed for mathematicians, is a rigorous introduction to perturbative quantum field theory, using the language of functional integrals.
此问题描述BCS配对。利用泛函积分表象来建立平均场理论是十分方便的。
This problem describes BCS pairing. It is very convenient to construct the mean field theory using the functional integral representation.
当界面非完美时，复合材料的能量泛函必须计入非完美界面效应，该效应以界面积分项形式出现。
When interface is imperfect, its effect on energy functional of composite with it, which emerges in form of interface integral items, must be calculated.
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