在产业资本现实的连续循环中,并存着三种资本形式,即货币资本、生产资本和商品资本,鉴于“货币资本”和“商品资本”是在流通中执行其职能的,故两者合起来又被称为“流通资本”. 在“生产资本”中,按其价值周转方式的不同,又可以分为“固定资本”和“流动资本”,生产资本中“固定资本”和“流动资本”的比例,是影响资本周转速度的关键因素之一。流通资本是指在产业资本循环中同生产资本既相对立又相关联、专门执行流通职能的那一部分资本,包括货币资本和商品资本两种形式。
如果资本可以跨国境流通,国家就必须在稳定自己国内货币和控制国内货币环境做选择。
If capital can flow across borders, countries must choose between fixing their currencies and controlling their domestic monetary conditions.They cannot do both.
在19世纪经典的金本位框架下,资本流通几乎毫无限制,并且货币都是受约与黄金。
Under the classical 19th-century gold standard, capital flows were mostly unfettered and currencies were tied to gold.
在19世纪经典的金本位框架下,资本流通几乎毫无限制,并且货币都是受约与黄金。
They cannot do both. Under the classical 19th-century gold standard, capital flows were mostly unfettered and currencies were tied to gold.
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