针对寄主方面的每一个垂直抗病基因，在病原菌方面或迟或早都会发现一个毒性基因（Virulent gene），毒性基因只能克服其对应的抗性基因，而产生致病效应。
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Therefore, survey of the pathotypes and the frequency of virulence genes in China play an important role in breeding new resistant cultivars and deploying resistant wheat cultivars.
明确叶锈菌致病类型,了解毒性基因的毒力频率变化,为小麦抗叶锈育种及品种布局提供依据。
参考来源 - 2007年我国小麦叶锈菌致病类型鉴定及毒性分析·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
毒性基因结构分析表明，V2、V2+6和V8等毒性基因的频率有较大变化。
The results of virulence gene survey showed that the frequencies of V2, V2+ 6 and V8changed widely.
非病毒的基因载体比病毒性基因载体具有高安全性、低免疫原性及易于生产的特点。
Nonviral gene vectors have many inherent advantages over viral vectors in terms of safety , immunogenicity and ease of manufacture.
聚氨基酸材料由于可生物降解性，低毒性等特点而被广泛的作为非病毒性基因载体材料的研究。
Polyaminoacid materials are widely researched as non-viral gene vectors because of the advantages, such as biodegradation, low cytotoxicity and so on.
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