格式塔学派(德语:Gestalt theorie)是心理学重要流派之一,兴起于20世纪初的德国,由魏特海默(M.Wetheimer,1880~1943)、苛勒(W.kohler,1887~1967)和考夫卡(K.Koffka,1886~1941)三位德国心理学家在研究似动现象的基础上创立。格式塔是德文Gestalt的译音,意即"模式、形状、形式"。Configuration)”等,意思是指“能动的整体(dynamic wholes)”又称为“完形心理学”。
格式塔学派的心理学家认为,物体是在一个平行的过程中被识别为整体的:在一个单一的操作中,内部表征与视网膜图像匹配。
Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
心理环境的概念来源于格式塔心理学派的整体论观点,它强调了心理环境各构成要素对整体功效的影响和制约。
The conception of psychological environment root in holism of Gestalt psychology, which emphasize on the influence and restriction brought by factors of the psychological environment.
究其渊源,皮尔斯的思想主要受到了存在主义、现象学、格式塔心理学、精神分析学派、整体论和东方思想等多种流派的影响。
Perls was mainly affected by existentialism, phenomenology, gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, holism and eastern theories. The basic premises of his theory include: the organism is a whole;
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