CFO与钆掺杂氧化铈(GDC)晶界处多余的钆发生反应形成了第三种相成分，我们发现这种新相可以作为一种很好的氧离子导电体。

The CFO reacts with the excess GD present in the grain boundary of GDC to form a third phase. It was found that this new phase could also serve as an excellent oxygen ionic conductor.

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施主掺杂的钛酸钡陶瓷的PT CR效应来源于晶界上的钡空位。

Barium vacancy existed in grain boundary is responsible for the PTCR effect observed in donor doped barium titanate ceramics.

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