例如，如果需要基于现有书面形式的表单开始设计，您不妨使用以表单为中心的方法，具体做法一般是首先复制现有表单的外观，然后设计一个数据模型与之相匹配。

For instance, if you convert paper forms, you want to use a form-centric method by which you first reproduce the look of the form, and then design a data model to match.

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熟悉各种模型形式，如实体关系图(Entity - Relationship Diagram, ERD)、UML和其他面向系统的建模方法，将提供广泛的建模选项。

Familiarity with a variety of model forms, such as entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs), UML, and other system-oriented modeling approaches, will provide you with a wide range of modeling options.

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这些成本预测方法是通过分析或者模拟的形式，从Palladio模型(PCM的实例)中计算出标准结果(例如反应时间)。

The approaches, by means of analyse or simulation, calculate metrics (e.g. response time) from Palladio models (instance of the PCM).

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