用分析力学的方法研究平衡态热力学。

Analytical thermodynamics provides a study of thermodynamics through the methods of analytical mechanics.

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分析热力学乃是用分析力学的方法来研究平衡态热力学。

Analytical thermodynamics is a study for thermodynamics by Analytical Mechanics method.

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应用非平衡态热力学理论，求出热电器件吸热和放热端与热源交换的热流。

The heat flows between the two ends of a thermoelectric device and their contacted heat sources are derived by means of nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory.

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and added a structure of math upon it, to build this edifice, which is a very solid edifice of thermodynamics as a science of equilibrium systems.

了这座热力学的坚固大厦，这是一门，平衡态系统,的科学。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So it applies to macroscopic systems that are in equilibrium, and how to go from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state, and it's entirely empirical in its foundation.

因此，热力学研究的是平衡态的宏观系统,以及如何从,一个平衡态过渡到另一个平衡态，它完全是建立在经验的基础上的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选