...tituto Brasileiro de Gemas e Metais Preciosos（巴西宝石及贵金属实验室）、 GSL—— Gem Study Laboratory（宝石研究实验室）、 NGL——Neatherlands Gemmological Laboratory（荷兰宝石实验室） ..
FiftyyearsagothisSunday, Theodore Maimanand his fellow scientists atHughes ResearchLaboratory shined a high-powerflash lamp on a rubyrod, triggering a beam of coherent light: the firstlaser.