大量的固定雇员使得企业很难通过降低工资成本来迅速应对需求下降。

Large numbers of permanent employees make it difficult for organizations to respond quickly to downturns in demand by decreasing payroll costs.

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对麦当劳几大量的这类型企业来说，继续进行技术改进是降低成本、提高销售和留住顾客的关键。

For McDonald \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 's - and the industry at large - continual technological improvements play a vital role in lowering costs, raising sales and retaining customers.

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当当前的景象和与其相关的需求改变时，我们不得不废掉相当大量的工作，因此增加了开发成本并降低了士气。

When the current picture and its related requirements change, we have to scrap a significant amount of work, thus increasing the cost of development and lowering morale.

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