本文提出的用模拟桩周土约束的剪切弹簧模型来计算单桩刚度，并推导出了相应的理论计算公式。
In the paper, a shear spring model is proposed to simulate the constraint of the soil. Based on this model, the theoretic formula of pile head stiffness is derived.
最后给出了表面强化弹簧的剪切疲劳模型。
Finally the shearing fatigue model of the surface strengthening spring is suggested.
然后，在对三维有限元分析结果研究的基础上，建立了环缝处的纵向螺栓剪切模型，利用该模型可以计算得到错缝拼装衬砌二维梁-弹簧模型中环间剪切弹簧的刚度；
Based on the 3D analysis result, shear models of ring joint bolt is built and shear parameters between rings needed in 2D analysis with beam-spring model can be obtained by this shear model.
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