斯温说，在太阳系以外，只有四个行星的大气层被光谱分光镜技术(一个化学分析技术)仔细观察和研究，还有32个曾被观察到。
Swain says just four extrasolar planets' atmospheres have been studied in detail with spectroscopy, a chemical analysis technique. Another 32 or so have been observed.
根据色散、衍射和成像原理，报道了以全息光栅-棱镜组件为色散元件的直视分光镜的光路设计和性能分析。
The optical design and performance analysis of a direct vision spectroscope are reported in terms of the dispersion, diffraction and image formation.
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