在上一个百年，很多摈除有关民法的官司中由当事人、有帮助害关系的第三人(third interested persons)和被控诉犯罪者供给的言辞凭证之规则，在大部分数平常的法法系国度被废止；[194]其它摈除规则，如所说的“死人的制定法”(dead m...
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只有没有利害关系的第三人代为履行才是真正意义上的代履行，在紧急情况下的行政机关代为履行则属于直接强制执行。
Thus, only the third person who has no stake replaces the fulfillment, and agency that replaces the fulfillment in emergency cases forcefully executes.
司法实践中，往往会出现间接正犯即行为人利用不具有犯罪主体资格的人或者不发生共犯关系的第三人实施犯罪的情况。
In judicial practice, it often occurs that the actor makes use of the third person without the subject qualification of offender or accomplice to commit the crime.
没有有效的计划和基本的规则，即使最好的工作关系也会随着第三人的介入而失效。
Without effective planning and ground rules, even the best of working relationships between two people can become undone once a third is involved.
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