确定交通网络用户均衡行为效率损失的上界是当前国际上的一个研究热点。

Determining the upper bounds of efficiency loss for user equilibrium behavior in traffic networks has become a hot topic.

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城市轨道交通枢纽的设计与运营水平直接影响城市轨道交通网络的运营效率与服务质量。

Design and operation level of urban transport hubs has direct effect on the operation efficiency and service level of urban transportation network.

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交通流诱导是目前公认的提高交通效率和机动性的最佳途径，其目标是在交通网络中为行人提供最优的旅行路径。

Traffic flow guidance is considered as an optimum way to improve traffic efficiency and mobility, it's purpose is to provide the best travel paths for pedestrians in the transportation network.

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