随后又从中央计划者角度求解一个动态最优化问题，发现社会最优和竞争性均衡是一致的。

Solving a dynamic programming problem of a central planner can prove that the competitive equilibrium and the social optimum is identical.

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在大部分社会，资源并不是由单一的中央计划者来配置，而是通过千百万家庭与企业共同的行为来实现的。

In most societies, resources are allocated not by a single central planner but through the combined actions of millions of households and firms.

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