Access points were marked by endoscopy alone, endoscopy combined with diaphanoscopy, and endoscopy after pneumoperitoneum. Points were correlated with a laparoscopically visualized, previously defined ideal access area.
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Objective: To explore the application of laparoscopy combined with endoscopy in the treatment of gallbladder calculi complicated with bile duct calculi.
目的：探讨腹腔镜联合内镜技术在治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石中的临床应用价值。
To investigate the safety and the efficacy of sedation achieved by intravenous midazolam combined with propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy.
目的：探讨消化内镜诊疗期间应用咪唑安定、异丙酚的镇静效果及安全性。
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