Naltrexone (NTX) is a general opioid receptor antagonist devoid of intrinsic activity that results in a compensatory elevation in endogenous opioids and opioid receptors.

纳曲酮(ntx)是一个阿片受体的拮抗剂，因为他缺乏内在的活性，所以会导致细胞内的阿片类分子和阿片受体补偿性的增加。

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Endogenous and exogenous opioids can influence and modulate neuronal and glial cell function via an opioid receptor mediated mechanism, leading to either protection or damage of the brain.

内源及外源性阿片具有调节神经元与胶质细胞的功能，这些调节具有保护或损伤脑功能的双重作用。

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It is thought that a build up of chemicals like dopamine suppresses the activity of the brain's natural painkillers - the endogenous opioids.

BBC: Gene controls pain threshold

Heroin mimics a group of molecules called endogenous opioids.

ECONOMIST: A history and geography of the brain

While I go back and forth, I tend to agree that once you get beyond the short term release of endogenous opioids in response to the expectation of pain relief, a mysterious placebo effect that produces all sorts of miraculous effects is far less proven than people think.

FORBES: Harvard Placebo Study Was Seriously Overhyped