It has influenced the development of Chinese economics and culture for hundreds of years.

几百年来，它影响了中国经济和文化的发展。

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I first took a course in development economics in 1973, a year of economic turmoil with the Arab oil embargo and shortly after the downfall of the Bretton Woods exchange rate system.

我第一次学习发展经济学课程是在1973年，那一年由于阿拉伯国家的石油禁运导致经济动荡，而且布雷顿森林体系刚刚崩溃不久。

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Even before the crisis there was a questioning of prevailing paradigms and a sense that development economics needed rethinking.

早在危机爆发之前，对主导模式就已有质疑，并有感觉需要对发展经济学进行重新思考。

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Google hopes--though it will take a year or more to find out--that the economics of a cheaper, easily re-engineered handset will create a phone-development environment far different from today's proprietary closed models--in which a small number of service providers dictate to relatively few manufacturers what they want on their custom-designed models--and closer to the "fast and cheap" Internet design model.

FORBES: Google's Call

However, Christine Whitehead, a housing economist at the London School of Economics, is sceptical about Mr Brown's ability to combat the anti-development pressures that are so powerful in southern England.

ECONOMIST: No he can't

"This Tory-led government are committed to promoting a discredited growth model of trickle-down economics which will do nothing to reduce poverty in the developing world, " said shadow international development secretary Ivan Lewis.

BBC: Farmers work in a field in Jalalabad, in Afghanistan