"When you start moving towards an industrial revolution, it is economically efficient to have people living close together," says Macfarlane.

麦克法兰说：“当你开始迈向工业革命的时候，从经济学角度来说让人们住得很近是富有效率的。”

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Tolling is economically efficient: it prices an overused resource (crowded roads).

征收通行费在经济上是有效的，它针对过度使用的资源（拥堵的道路）引入了价格杠杆。

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What is the economically efficient way of dealing with those negative externalities?

若何才能经济有用地应对这种负外部性呢？

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And these quirks undermine the market forces that make typical auctions effective and economically efficient.

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