However, if there are many duplicate rows per distinct index value, and the associated table is highly clustered, the added costs of joining through the index can be slight.

然而，如果每个不同的索引值都有许多重复的行，而所关联的表是高度群集的，那么通过索引添加的连接成本可能很低。

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This means costs are distributed between all production stage and unnecessary duplicate testing is avoided.

这意味着认证费是分担在产品生产的各个环节， 避免重复测试。

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Medical institutions that duplicate or copy medical records upon the request of patients may collect prescribed costs therefor.

医疗机构应患者的要求，为其复印或者复制病历资料，可以按照规定收取工本费。

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Craig Donohue, CME's chief executive, said he thought this step was unlikely and would only duplicate costs and functions.

WSJ: CME Group Plans Guarantee Fund

In terms of cost differentiation between duplicate funds, Fuhr said investors need to be careful in understanding that often annual costs are adjusted based on level of assets in the fund.

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