And a new method to estimate the normal vector of the surface in Direct Voltime Rendering in Image Space is introduced.

在象空间中的直接体绘制方法中，本文提出了一种新的估计表面法向量的方法。

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Nonlinear physical parameters of the docking mechanism-inertial, damping and stiffness matrices, are identified by direct parameter estimate(DPE)method with input-output data of the system.

采用直接参数识别方法（DPE）由系统的输入、输出数据识别空间对接机构的物理参数：惯量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度系数矩阵。

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Direct against this kind of situation, the paper presents a method to estimate average size of closely packed particles based on edge density without explicit segmentation.

本文针对这种情况，提出了一种不用经过精细分割，而是基于边缘密度计算紧凑颗粒平均尺寸的算法。

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