Fluctuations in industrial output are influenced by supply shocks and demand shocks.

工业产值的波动受供给冲击和需求冲击的双重影响。

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Aggregate supply and demand shocks in different stages of business cycle have different mechanisms.

经济周期不同阶段中总供给和总需求冲击具有不同的作用机制。

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Demand shocks have come from sudden policy decisions to increase biofuel content in gasoline, for example.

需求的波动则来自于，比如说，增加生产生物燃料的政策。

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Demand shocks and misguided government policies go a long way towards explaining the behaviour of commodity prices in recent years.

ECONOMIST: The real lesson from volatile commodity prices

Over the past two years, some of the main drivers of Chinese inflation have been excess liquidity combined with strong domestic demand and supply shocks to food prices and commodity prices, according to Chang.

FORBES: China Tightens Liquidity Amid Stubborn Inflation

When life-cycle costs are compared, natural gas is currently a more economical decision than flex-fuel powered vehicles, although both are more expensive than gasoline at current figures (keep in mind that these dynamics could change due to oil shocks or increased demand for traditional fuels both real risks).

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Energy Independence Now