The concept of anticipation and change, which underlie the principles of supply and demand, substitution, balance, and externalities, are basic to the sales comparison approach.

依据供求原则、替代原则、平衡原则和外部性原则的预期的概念和变化的概念是市场途径的基础。

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We found that the factors which affect the industrial specialization and diversification are factor endowment, demand preferences, economies of scale, externalities, transport costs, and so on.

研究发现，影响产业多样化、专业化的主要因素有要素禀赋、需求偏好、规模经济、外部性、运输成本等。

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The compatibility demand and the interconnection problem which are brought by the externalities character of the network industry are the focus of network industry research.

网络产业的外部性特征所带来的兼容性要求，以及由此导致的互联互通问题是研究网络产业关注的焦点。

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If all of this works then what we are talking about is Amazon as a private company effectively taking on the traditional roles of a nation state: managing liquidity demand and internalizing externalities.

FORBES: Jeff Bezos: Currency Manipulator