Of course, these valuable skills have little or anything to do with general intelligence or abstract reasoning or critical thinking.

当然，上课学到的宝贵的技能与一般智力或抽象推理或批判性思考能力，可能没有什么关系。

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Data services abstract the consumer from having to access or update multiple data sources and are critical in helping maintain data integrity when a consumer needs to work with multiple data sources.

数据服务让消费者无需去访问或者更新多个数据源，更重要的是，当消费者需要操作多个数据源时，数据服务有助于维持数据的完整性。

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How can abstract processing help us at work? Imagine you get critical feedback from your colleagues or your boss.

抽象处理在工作上有何帮助？试想你的同事或者上司给了一个批评性的反馈意见。

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Although he has written appreciatively of some modern artists Picasso, Klee and more recently even Antony Gormley he has been critical, too, of certain conceits underlying the vogue for abstract art, particularly the belief that it is somehow necessitated by the spirit of the age.

ECONOMIST: Look and learn

In its relatively short lifetime, abstract art has been illuminated (and obscured) by two influential critical attitudes.

ECONOMIST: 20th-century art