The theories of transaction cost, resource, knowledge spillover and synergy are deployed to analyze the causes of the collective learning.

采用交易费用理论、资源观理论、知识外溢性理论和协同理论对集体学习的动因进行分析。

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One main reason behind this was that more and more clients wanted cost savings that could be derived from the synergy that would result from dealing with one organization for design and development.

其中一个主要原因是，越来越多的客户想要节省成本，即可以产生协同作用，这将导致与一个组织的设计和开发。

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In the second part, we use Economies of Scale Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Synergy Effect Theory to explain holistic listing.

第二章，应用规模经济理论、交易费用理论和协同效应理论对整体上市进行解释。

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The integration of ISP is currently underway and the company expects to achieve its cost synergy target in fiscal 2013.

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Notably, we were able to achieve 7% organic growth for the year on a pro forma basis amid an uncertain economic environment while continuing the integration in a manner that allowed us to exceed our original cost synergy targets.

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