If there are written laws and regulations on the duty of care, medical negligence can be judged by the concrete standard and, reversely, by the abstract standard.
对医疗注意义务相关法律有明文规定的以具体标准进行认定，反之则以抽象标准进行认定。
In the concrete judicial practice, the legal responsibility about the joint negligence behavior is also totally processed with the principle of separated punishment.
在具体的司法实务中，对共同过失行为造成危害结果需要承担刑事责任的也一律适用分别定罪量刑的原则。
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