In the initial period of New China there existed widespread commercial credit in commodity transactions. The commercial credit system was an important component part of the overall credit system.

建国初期，我国商品交易中广泛存在着商业信用，商业信用制度是信用制度的重要组成部分。

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Third, the financial system (specifically, traditional commercial banks) is severely damaged, and the credit crunch will thus not ease very fast.

第三，金融体系，尤其是传统的商业银行遭到严重损害，因此信贷紧缩不会很容易被缓解。

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So enforcing the system of credit risk management to reduce the amount of bad assets is the four state-owned commercial Banks' main work, and also ensures to reduce our country's financial risks.

因此，加强和完善信贷风险管理，切实降低不良资产，是四大国有商业银行今后几年工作的重点，也是我国有效降低金融风险的重要保障。

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At the moment, Brazil's banking system is peculiar: commercial banks lend to the government and supply consumers credit, but do not provide much debt to businesses, which mostly finance themselves from retained profits.

ECONOMIST: Brazil's development bank