Pruritus may develop first in the course of obstructive jaundice (cholestasis) because retention of bile salts can occur before significant retention of bilirubin.

瘙痒可能在阻塞性黄疸（胆汁淤积）中首先出现，因为胆盐的贮留可能先于明显的胆红素贮留出现。

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Xanthomata and xanthelasmas are more common in lipid disorders than in obstructive jaundice but may be a sign of prolonged cholestasis.

黄瘤症和黄斑瘤与阻塞性黄疸相比更易出现在脂类代谢紊乱中，但可以作为长时间胆汁淤积的标志。

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The congenital CMV infection usually caused IUGR, lower birth weights or premature birth. It also markedly aggravated the newborn's jaundice and cholestasis.

提示先天性CMV感染常常导致胎儿宫内发育迟缓，新生儿出生体重过轻或早产，明显加重新生儿黄疸和胆汁淤积。

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