The X-rays acted as probes, detecting the individual chemical building blocks that make up the fossil.

X射线就像探针一样，可以检测到组成化石的单一化学成分。

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Radiofrequency waves are electromagnetic fields, and unlike ionizing radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays, cannot break chemical bonds nor cause ionization in the human body.

射频波就是电磁场，但是与X射线或伽玛射线辐射等电离辐射不同的是，射频波不会打破化学键，也不会给人体造成电离辐射伤害。

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Technicians can date paint from its chemical composition, for example, or X-ray a canvas to reveal what lies below the surface.

例如，技术人员可以通过其化学成分分析其创作日期，或者对一幅画做X光透视，揭示其表面下有什么。

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The two institutes have developed compact and portable x-ray devices capable of analysing the structure and chemical composition of ancient bones, buildings, and art objects in a non-destructive fashion.

UNESCO: Basic Sciences

X-ray crystallography experiments combined with computational simulations to examine the chemical reactions involved.

ECONOMIST: Biochemistry

As well as using the rover's X-ray spectrometer on Whitewater Lake and Kirkwood to determine the chemical elements present, and thus get a better idea of their mineralogical composition, the team needs to work out the order and position of the rock layers to tell them something of their relative ages.

BBC: Nasa's 'Oppy' rover could be rolling on Martian clays