Technicians can date paint from its chemical composition, for example, or X-ray a canvas to reveal what lies below the surface.

例如，技术人员可以通过其化学成分分析其创作日期，或者对一幅画做X光透视，揭示其表面下有什么。

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To find out why, researchers used sophisticated X-ray analyses to determine the exact chemical composition of the paint as it browns.

为找出原因，研究人员用精密X射线分析仪测定了变成褐色颜料的精确化学成分。

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This was a great surprise because everyone thought that the shadow (or X-ray) had been created by a chemical reaction with sunlight.

这种现象引起了人们很大的惊讶，因为当时每个人都会认为影像(或X -射线)是由在阳光的触媒下的某种化学反应所产生。

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The two institutes have developed compact and portable x-ray devices capable of analysing the structure and chemical composition of ancient bones, buildings, and art objects in a non-destructive fashion.

UNESCO: Basic Sciences

X-ray crystallography experiments combined with computational simulations to examine the chemical reactions involved.

ECONOMIST: Biochemistry

As well as using the rover's X-ray spectrometer on Whitewater Lake and Kirkwood to determine the chemical elements present, and thus get a better idea of their mineralogical composition, the team needs to work out the order and position of the rock layers to tell them something of their relative ages.

BBC: Nasa's 'Oppy' rover could be rolling on Martian clays