...“美学运动”（Aesthetic Movement），其主要代表人物是麦克默多(Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo) 和阿什比（Charles Robert Ashbee）。麦克默多建立了“世纪行会”（The Century Guid）就是为了将装饰艺术恢复到与绘画和雕刻并列的地位。
abstract:Charles Robert Ashbee (17 May 1863 – 23 May 1942) was an English designer and entrepreneur who was a prime mover of the Arts and Crafts movement that took its craft ethic from the works of John Ruskin and its co-operative structure from the socialism of William Morris.