If they suffer losses in one country, they may sell stocks and bonds in other markets to raise cash.

如果他们在一个国家遭受损失，他们会在另一个市场卖出股票和债券来筹集现金。

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But the likely outcome in that case would be for Banks to conserve cash to cover losses, which also would reduce the capacity to pay dividends.

但在这种情况下可能的结果将是银行节约现金以弥补损失，这也将降低银行支付股息的能力。

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Such institutions would be required to hold relatively large amounts of capital to cover possible losses, relatively large amounts of cash to cover possible demands from creditors, and so on.

为了应对潜在的损失，这些金融机构必须持有数量相对庞大的资本金。同时为了满足债权人可能的还款要求，此类机构也必须同时持有数量较多的现金。

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So far most of the banking sector losses have been accounting writedowns, not cash losses.

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But for politicians and quite a lot of households, the difference between cash losses and real terms losses is, er, real.

BBC: Autumn Statement: What has changed?

Thus, most of the hundreds of billions of dollars of losses these financial institutions reported were not actual cash losses but artificial book losses.

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