Carriage axle is a key part for the carriage body. According to its many standards, parameter constraint and easy damage, the design for the axle is very complicated.

车轴是车体上较为复杂的关键件，因其品种规格多、参数约束复杂，且其是易损件，导致设计工作量大、返工频繁。

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This fore-carriage was composed of a massive iron axle-tree with a pivot, into which was fitted a heavy shaft, and which was supported by two huge wheels.

它的组成部分是一条装在两个巨轮上的粗笨铁轴和一条嵌在轴上的粗笨辕木。

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Through the drive axle housing , the tractive force, braking force and lateral force act on the wheel transfer to the suspension system, frame or carriage.

作用在驱动车轮上的牵引力、制动力和侧向力，也是经过桥壳传到悬挂及车架或者车厢上。

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