The firm vertical scale dilation comes true mainly by vertical integration.

企业纵向规模的扩张主要通过纵向一体化来实现。

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By vertical integration, most MNCs can ensure their supply of foreign raw materials and intermediate products and avoid the imperfections often found in foreign markets.

通过垂直的整合，大部分跨国公司都能保证其国外原料和中间产品的供应，避免常常在国外市场上出现的不完整性。

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Some expand by vertical integration, owning and integrating a greater length of the value-creation-and-delivery pipeline-for example, buying upstream suppliers or downstream distributors.

一种是纵向整合，就是垂直拓展上下游渠道的长度，比如，收购上游供应商或是下游经销商。

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The risks have been compounded by vertical integration, reckons Roger Longman of Windhover Information, an industry consultancy.

ECONOMIST: Pharmaceuticals