Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

为满足免费向读者提供文献的需求，出版机构通过向作者收费来负担其准备论文的费用。

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It is determined by a number of factors including market share, competition, material costs, product identity and the customer's perceived value of the product.

它由一系列因素决定，这些因素包括市场份额、竞争、材料成本、产品身份和顾客认知的产品价值。

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When product management wants to know how much it costs to build some set of features I just multiple the one of the figures in red by the number of story points the team has estimated.

当产品管理层想要知道构建某些功能需要多少成本的时候，我就用表中红色数字乘以团队估算出来的故事点数就可以了。

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By using this product are we going to cut costs somewhere else?

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For example, a business might hedge against rising oil prices by buying a financial product to secure stable fuel costs, so an airlines might have an interest in locking in a decent price.

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Its LaRonde mine saw costs increase because of lower by-product revenues, as expected.

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