Today, boarded-up houses, graffiti, burned-out cars and a huge crime and anti-social behaviourproblem have been replaced with sport's centres and libraries youth clubs.
Earlier research with twins has also indicated a genetic predisposition to problem drinking behaviour as well as to the resulting liver damage, Dr Brind said.
But the council felt there was such a problem with behaviour it took the step of introducing a special order covering the estate, local businesses and a number of nearby terraces.