Indeed, it may be for any of the factors, physical as well as biotic, that are essential for organisms.

事实上，竞争对象可能是生命体所必须的任何生物或非生物因素。

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Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria.

巨噬细胞是在小鼠和其他哺乳动物的免疫系统对细菌等侵入性生物的反应中发挥作用的细胞。

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The ancestors of plants were photosynthetic single-celled organisms that gave rise to plants presumably lacked true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive structures such as flowers.

植物的祖先是进行光合作用的单细胞生物，由此产生的植物可能缺乏真正的根、茎、叶和复杂的生殖结构，如花朵。

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We talk about cells as being kind of the fundamental unit of humans and other multi-cellular organisms.

我们某种意义上把细胞视为,人体和其它多细胞生物的基本单位

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

As we've found cells from adult organisms that seem to be multipotential and studied them more carefully, some of their potentials turn out to be lost, they're not exactly the same.

因为我们在成人机体中找到,这些看上去是多能干细胞的细胞后,仔细研究后发现它们的一些潜能已经丢失,和胚胎中的那些并不一样

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We've learned a lot about the mechanics of how humans work as organisms over the last 100 years or so, how we work as sort of physical objects that have to obey the laws of physics that you know about.

在过去一百多年间,我们已经了解很多,人体作为一个,有机组织的工作机理,以及人体作为一个物理实体,遵循人所共知的那些物理定律的原理

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

As well as providing food, communication and the occasional excitement when a Colombian gunboat looking for drug smugglers sails by, the river affords the best way to cool off in the heat so long as thoughts of little organisms that swim up the urethra can be set aside.

ECONOMIST: The Amazon's indigenous people

And so I came to suspect that the only truly believable computer program would be one able to ape life itself, since thinking as we know it exists only as a purposive tool of living organisms.

FORBES: Sorry, Jeopardy Watchers: No Computer Will Ever Be Remotely Human

However, Sir Fred and Dr Wickramasinghe took it to ridiculous lengths, proposing not only the arrival of organisms from outer space, but that those organisms (such as influenza viruses) are somehow already adapted for life in the hurly-burly of the terrestrial ecosystem.

ECONOMIST: Sir Fred Hoyle