These included how many papers they authored and how influential those papers were, as measured by the number of subsequent citations.

以后续引用数来衡量，这包括他们撰写了多少篇论文，以及这些论文的影响力如何。

youdao

However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy, suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate.

然而，通过光谱学测量，宇宙中氦的数量表明，宇宙中重子的数量要比基于星系光度所估计的要多得多。

youdao

Money supply in the US as measured by M3 is collapsing.

用M3来衡量的美国货币供应量正在崩溃。

youdao

Women who said they were physically active even once a week showed less cognitive impairment as measured by a test.

VOA: special.2010.07.07

His education law,still in effect, required states to show yearly progress in student learning as measured by the states' own tests.

VOA: special.2010.07.22

By 2016,governments would be required to stabilize or begin reducing the percentage of their debt as measured against total gross domestic product, the value of all goods and services produced in a given country.

VOA: standard.2010.06.27

Membership is restricted to the top two percent as measured by performance on standardized intelligence tests.

FORBES: Finding the Unfound

Consumer confidence, as measured by the Conference Board, fell further than expected this month.

ECONOMIST: The world economy

Meanwhile, PhD economists are befuddled why production, as measured by sputtering GDP, stalls.

FORBES: If On The Dole Why Do You Still Get To Go To The Poll?