Specialist firms have sprung up alongside the traditional restructuring experts from investment Banks to help Banks arbitrage their regulatory capital costs.

专业的公司和传统的重组专家们从投资银行中如雨后春笋般涌现以帮助银行套利监管资本成本。

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Finally, the comparison estimated premium income arbitrage and hedging costs.

最后，比较预估溢价套利收益和套利成本。

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But it has some important exceptions: Even in the late middle ages, the theologians-cum-proto-economists realized that the arbitrage effect is net of transportation costs.

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These are just some examples from a recent study by the Boston Consulting Group showing how increasing labor costs in China are narrowing the labor arbitrage that has existed for many years.

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The rush was on to take advantage of this price arbitrage that provided almost monopolistic prices, and only marginal costs of production.

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