When the price of an apple rises, for instance, people decide to eat more pears and fewer apples, because the cost of buying an apple is higher.

例如，当苹果的价格上升时，人们就决定多吃梨少吃苹果，因为购买苹果的成本高了。

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At the same time, apple orchards decide to hire more workers and harvest more apples, because the benefit of selling an apple is also higher.

同时，苹果果园决定雇用更多的工人收获更多的苹果，因为卖苹果的利益也更高。

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Then apples are left to float in the water. The contestants most pick up the apple with only their mouths. The first one to pick up an apple is the winner.

参赛者只能用嘴巴将苹果叼起来，第一个将苹果叼起来的人便是胜利者。

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He searches for the origins of the domestic apple in Kazakhstan to tell an evolutionary tale which explains how every eating apple in the world is a direct descendent of apples in the Tien Shan forest (the bitter taste of apple pips is cyanide, their shape adapted to slip through the guts of a marauding bear unharmed).

ECONOMIST: Trees