The system of legalact has been set up inmoderncivillawwhich embodiestheprincipleof autonomy ofprivate law, and in which the dual structureof legal act has been created also.
Even the business of catching adulterers in the act, once a dependable income stream for private eyes, dried up when a change to marriage lawin 1973 meant the party seeking a divorce no longer needed to prove that a spouse had cheated.
The White House seemed to agree, and on April 5th, 2012 President Obama signed The JOBS Act into law, permitting the general public to invest inprivate offerings.
The Alien Tort Statute, enacted as part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, permits federal courts to recognize private claims in for a limited number of international law violations.