Civil liability system of arbitrators can be divided into four modes, namely, absolute immunity, qualified immunity, limited liability and unlimited liability.

仲裁员民事责任制度可以分为“绝对豁免”、“有限豁免”、“有限责任”和“无限责任”四种模式。

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Referring to the other nations'law and jurisdiction practice, the civil liability of the arbitrators varies a lot, includes Absolute Immunity, Absolute liability and Limited Liability.

参照世界各国法律、司法实践可以看出，各国对于仲裁员的民事责任制度规定大相径庭，可以分为绝对豁免论、完全责任论和有限责任论。

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Mr Sarkozy himself will not be asked to testify, since he enjoys absolute judicial immunity while in office—meaning that he can be heard neither as suspect, nor as witness, nor as plaintiff.

萨科奇本人将不会被要求作证，因为他在任职期间享有绝对的司法豁免权，这意味着他既不被看作为嫌疑人，也不是证人，也没有作为原告。

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First Thomas Bingham, the Lord Chief Justice, found that the general enjoyed absolute immunity for any crime.

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The court cited decisions by federal courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, recognizing absolute immunity for government lawyers.

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He also said the court's majority ignored a "strong presumption" against absolute immunity.

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