have a certain action 发挥了一定的作用
has played a certain action 起到了一定的作用
has a certain protective action 有一定的保护作用
Listing 17 provides an example of a page that carries out a certain action.
清单17提供了执行特定操作的页面示例。
In fact, if a certain action is more trouble than it's worth, cease and desist.
事实上,如果在一件事上,你的付出比它本身带来的价值要更多的话,就不要再做了。
In each of these situations, you're not telling your recipient to take a certain action.
在这些情况下就不是让收件人采取某个具体行动。
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